THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE WORKFORCES IN SAUDI ARABIA ORGANISATIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/bma.v10i1.2341Keywords:
Effectiveness, artificial intelligence, workforces, organisations, environmentAbstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has swiftly permeated various sectors, impacting human activities such as transportation, production, and manufacturing. This study assesses the potential influence of AI on employment in Saudi Arabia, utilizing a quantitative cross-sectional approach with a sample of 300 employees from diverse sectors. Employing inferential and descriptive statistics, the research indicates a positive moderate effect of AI on future employment. The findings provide valuable insights for research and development (R&D) and managerial decisions, aiding in navigating the labour market landscape.
Downloads
References
. Acemoglu, D., & Autor, D. (2011). Skills, tasks and technologies: Implications for
employment and earnings. In Handbook of labor economics (Vol. 4, pp. 1043-1171).
Elsevier.
. Acemoglu, D., & Restrepo, P. (2017). Robots and jobs: Evidence from US labor markets.
. Acemoglu, D., & Restrepo, P. (2020). The wrong kind of AI? Artificial intelligence and the
future of labour demand. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 13(1),25-35.
. Aghion, P., Antonin, C., Bunel, S., & Jaravel, X. (2023). 2 The Effects of Automation on
Labor Demand. Robots and AI, 15.
. Autor, D. H., Dorn, D., & Hanson, G. H. (2015). Untangling trade and technology: Evidence
from local labour markets. The Economic Journal, 125(584), 621-646.
. Beaudry, P. Green, D. and Sand, B. (2016). The great reversal in the demand for skill and
cognitive tasks. Journal of Labour Economics. 34 (2), 199-247.
. Bessen, J. (2015). Toil and Technology. Journal of Finance & Development. 52 (1), 16-19.
. Boianovsky, M., & Trautwein, H. M. (2007). Johan Åkerman vs. Ragnar Frisch on
quantitative business cycle analysis. European Journal of the History of Economic Thought,
(3), 487-517.
. Bogue, R. (2013). Robotic vision boosts automotive industry quality and productivity.
Industrial Robot: An International Journal, 40(5), 415-419.
. Brynolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2011). The big data boom is the innovation story of our
time. Thje Atlantic, 21.
. Canova, F., Lopez-Salido, D. and Michelacci, C. (2012). The ins and Outs of
Unemployment: An Analysis Conditional on Technology Shocks. Economic Journal. 123
(569), 515-539.
. Calisir, F., Gumussoy, C. A., Basak, E., & Gurel, G. (2016). Effect of organizational
learning, transformational leadership, and market orientation on firm
performance. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 13(03),
. Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2007). Business Research Methods., 2011.
. Crick, J. M. (2021). The dimensionality of the market orientation construct. Journal of
Strategic Marketing, 29(4), 281-300.
. David, H. J. J. O. E. P. (2015). Why are there still so many jobs? The history and future of
workplace automation. Journal of economic perspectives, 29(3), 3-30.
. Dopico, M., Gómez, A., De la Fuente, D., García, N., Rosillo, R., & Puche, J. (2016). A
vision of industry 4.0 from an artificial intelligence point of view. In Proceedings on the
international conference on artificial intelligence (ICAI) (p. 407).
. Dwyer, T. (2022). Conceptualisations of market orientation in the higher education
literature. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 1-23.
. Fernandes, C. I., Ferreira, J. J., Lobo, C. A., & Raposo, M. (2020). The impact of market
orientation on the internationalisation of SMEs. Review of International Business and
Strategy.
. Ford, M. (2015). The rise of the robots: Technology and the threat of mass unemployment.
Oneworld publications.
. Ford, M. (2015). Rise of the Robots: Technology and the Threat of a Jobless Future. Basic
Books.
. Frey, C. B., & Osborne, M. (2013). The future of employment.
. Goldin, C., & Katz, L. F. (2008). Transitions: Career and family life cycles of the educational
elite. American Economic Review, 98(2), 363-69.
. Goyal, A., & Aneja, R. (2020). Artificial intelligence and income inequality: Do
technological changes and worker's position matter?. Journal of Public Affairs, 20(4),
e2326.
. Gruetzemacher, R., & Whittlestone, J. (2022). The transformative potential of artificial
intelligence. Futures, 135, 102884.
. Hirschman, C., & Mogford, E. (2009). Immigration and the American Industrial Revolution
from 1880 to 1920. Social science research, 38(4), 897-920.
. Hunt, G. (2015) Robot overlords don’t seem to scare us, majority think jobs are safe from
Automation, Accessed 2 July 2023 from
https://www.siliconrepublic.com/careers/2015/04/20/robotoverlords- dont-seem-to-scare-
us-majority-think-jobs-are-safe-from-automation.
. Jackson, J. K., Weiss, M. A., Schwarzenberg, A. B., Nelson, R. M., Sutter, K. M., &
Sutherland, M. D. (2020). Global economic effects of COVID-19.
. Korteling, J. H., van de Boer-Visschedijk, G. C., Blankendaal, R. A., Boonekamp, R. C., &
Eikelboom, A. R. (2021). Human-versus artificial intelligence. Frontiers in artificial
intelligence, 4, 622364.
. Korinek, A., & Stiglitz, J. E. (2017). Artificial intelligence and its implications for income
distribution and unemployment (No. w24174). National Bureau of Economic Research.
. Lane, M., & Saint-Martin, A. (2021). The impact of Artificial Intelligence on the labour
market: What do we know so far?.
. Leite, C., & Rua, O. L. (2022). Linking Transformational Leadership and Firm Performance:
The Role of Entrepreneurial Orientation. Open Journal of Business and Management, 10(4),
-1922.
. Li, D., & Du, Y. (2017). Artificial intelligence with uncertainty. CRC press.
. Liso, N., & Leoncini, R. (2011). Internationalization. Technological Change and the Theory
of the Firm.
. Magnani, M. (2022). The technological revolution: professions at risk and new jobs.
In Making the Global Economy Work for Everyone: Lessons of Sustainability from the Tech
Revolution and the Pandemic (pp. 53-71). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
. Marchant, G. E., Stevens, Y. A., & Hennessy, J. M. (2014). Technology, unemployment &
policy options: Navigating the transition to a better world. Journal of Evolution and
Technology, 24(1), 26-44
. Martech, Metra, (2011) ‘Positive Impact of Industrial Robots on Employment’, International
federation of robotics, Accessed 3 July 2023 from
http://www.ifr.org/uploads/media/Metra_Martech _Study_ on_robots_02.pdf.
. McAfee, A., & Brynjolfsson, E. (2016). Human work in the robotic future: Policy for the
age of automation. Foreign Aff., 95, 139.
. Mokyr, J. (2018). The past and the future of innovation: Some lessons from economic
history. Explorations in Economic History, 69, 13-26.
. Novari, E. (2020). The Impact of Market Orientation to SMEs Performance with Mediation
of Creation Value. MIMBAR: Jurnal Sosial dan Pembangunan, 36(2), 361-370.
. Ozkaya, H. E., Droge, C., Hult, G. T. M., Calantone, R., & Ozkaya, E. (2015). Market
orientation, knowledge competence, and innovation. International Journal of Research in
Marketing, 32(3), 309-318.
. Papadas, K.-K., Avlonitis, G.J., Carrigan, M. and Piha, L. (2019), “The interplay of
strategic and internal green marketing orientation on competitive advantage”, Journal of
Business Research, Vol. 104, doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.07.009.
. Peffers, K., Tuunanen, T., Rothenberger, M. A., & Chatterjee, S. (2007). A design science
research methodology for information systems research. Journal of management
information systems, 24(3), 45-77.
. Pol, E., & Reveley, J. (2017). Robot induced technological unemployment: towards a youth.
focused coping strategy. Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management, 5(2),
186.
. Piva, M., Santarelli, E., & Vivarelli, M. (2006). Technological and organizational changes
as determinants of the skill bias: Evidence from the Italian machinery industry. Managerial
and Decision Economics, 27(1), 63-73.
. Pissarides, C. A., & McMaster, I. (1990). Regional migration, wages and unemployment:
empirical evidence and implications for policy. Oxford economic papers, 42(4), 812-831.
. Quinlan, C., Babin, B., Carr, J., & Griffin, M. (2019). Business research methods. South
Western Cengage.
. Ren, T., Cao, L., & Chin, T. (2020). Crafting jobs for occupational satisfaction and
innovation among manufacturing workers facing the COVID-19 crisis. International
Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 3953.
. Russell, S. J., & Norvig, P. (2016). Artificial intelligence: a modern approach. Malaysia.
Pearson Education Limited,
. Silverman, D. (Ed.). (2016). Qualitative research. Sage.
. Schumpeter, J. A. (2017). Theory of economic development. Routledge.
. Sekaran, U. (2009). Bougie. M,” Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building
Approach”. UK: John Wiley & Sons.
. Sukoco, B. M., Choirunnisa, Z., Mudzakkir, M. F., Nasution, R. A., Susanto, E., & Usman,
I. (2022). Market orientation and capacity for change in higher education performance in
Indonesia. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 16(1), 80-100.
. Thorton, G. (2015) Global survey finds lower skill manufacturing jobs under threat as
Businesses embrace automation, Accessed 8 July 2023 from http://www.grant-thornton.
co.uk/en/Media Centre/News/2015/Global-survey-finds-lower-skill-manufacturing-jobs-
under-threat as businesses- embrace-automation-/.
. Tierney, W., Hardy III, J. H., Ebersole, C. R., Leavitt, K., Viganola, D., Clemente, E. G., ...
& Hiring Decisions Forecasting Collaboration. (2020). Creative destruction in science.
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 161, 291-309.
. Vivarelli, M. (2014). Innovation, employment and skills in advanced and developing
countries: A
. Wang, W., & Siau, K. (2019). Artificial intelligence, machine learning, automation, robotics,
future of work and future of humanity: A review and research agenda. Journal of Database
Management (JDM), 30(1), 61-79. survey of economic literature. Journal of Economic
Issues, 48(1), 123-154).
. Yang, C. H. (2022). How artificial intelligence technology affects productivity and
employment: firm-level evidence from Taiwan. Research Policy, 51(6), 104536.
. Ziemnowicz, C. (2013). Joseph A. Schumpeter and innovation. Encyclopedia of Creativity,
Invention, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 1171-1176.
. Zelizer, B. (2013). On the shelf life of democracy in journalism scholarship. Journalism,
(4), 459-473.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal For Research In Business, Management And Accounting
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
All journals related to business, management, and accounting can be freely copied, circulated, and reprinted in Green Publication journals, as long as they are duly referenced by original authors. Green Publication follows CC licenses. “A Creative Commons (CC) license is one of the public copyright licenses that allows for the free reuse of an otherwise copyrighted "work." If an author wants to give others the right to publish, use, and build on a work created by the author, he may use a CC license. Green publication use the CC 4.0 license. This license allows anyone to write, remix, tweak, and build on your work, even commercially, as long as the original creation is attributed to you”. This is the most appropriate license available. Recommended for increasing the distribution and use of licensed products.