Effects of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), on Some Micronutrients in HIV Positive Patients at Nsukka
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/hsn.v2i8.268Keywords:
HIV/AIDS, HAART, CD4 , micronutrients.Abstract
Some biological changes are observed during human immuno deficiency virus infection. Once CD4+ count decreases to 500 cells/mm3 highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is initiated.This work, seeks to elucidate the effect of HAART on some of the biochemical changes caused by HIV infection. 63 subjects comprising, 20 apparently healthy control subjects and 43 HIV positive subjects ready to be placed on HAART were recruited for the study. Concentrations of the following biochemical parameters: zinc, selenium, vitamin C, vitamin E and also CD4+ count was determined. The results showed that CD4+ count increased significantly from baseline to 8 months into treatment (p < 0.05), zinc and selenium increased significantly from baseline to 8 months into treatment, but vitamin C increased up to the 4th month but deteriorated by the 8th month of initiation into HAART. Vitamin E showed no significant change in concentration (p > 0.05). There were significant positive correlations between the mean CD4+ count and the mean concentrations of zinc (p < 0.05). In this study, only zinc was significantly positively correlated with CD4+ count.
Downloads
References
Drain,P.K., Kupka, R., Mugusi, F. &Fawzi, W.W. (2007).Micronutrients in HIV positive persons receiving HAART. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,85(2): 333-345.
Zaneta, M.P., Annmeyer, S. & Gardner, C. (2012). HIV Medications-Food Interaction Hand Book, 2nd Edition. Indiana University Medical Centre, Indianapolis pp 1-8.
Pasupathi, P., Ramchandran, T.,Sindhu, P.J., Saranavan, G. &Bakthavathsalam, G. (2009). Enhanced oxidative stress markers and antioxidant imbalance in HIV infection and AIDS patients. Journal of Scientific Research, 1:2-8.
Rudolf, A. &Rodriguez, M.D. (2003). HIV insite knowledge. http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/insite.
Drain,P.K., Kupka, R.,Mugusi, F. & Fawzi, W.W. (2007).Micronutrients in HIV positive persons receiving HAART. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,85(2):333-345.
Sarro, Y.S., Tounkara, A., Tangara, E., Guindo, O., White, H.L., Chammot, E. & Kristensen, S. (2010). Serum electrophoresis: Role in monitoring for ART. African Health Science,10(2):138-143.
Drain, P.K., Kupka, R., Mugusi, F. & Fawzi, W.W. (2007) Micronutrients in HIV positive persons receiving HAART. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,85(2):333-345.
Kassu,A., Yabutam, T., Mahmud, Z.H., Mohammad, A., Nguyen N., Huong, B.T.M., Hailemariam G., Diro, E., Ayele, B., Wondmikun, M. & Ota, F. (2006). Alterations in serum levels of trace elements in TB and HIV infections. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 60:580-586.
Khalili, H., Soudbakhish, A., Hajiabdolbaghi, M., Dashti-hhavidaki, D., Poorzare, A., Saeedi, A.A. &Sharififar, R. (2008). Nutritional status, serum zinc and selenium levels in Iranian HIV infected individuals. BMC Infections Diseases,8:165-171.
Muthura, J.M., Kamatchiyammal, S., Usharani, B., Manupriya, S., Niranjana Ayyappan, A.R. & Divyalakshmi, K. (2010). Serum zinc, calcium and albumin levels in pulmonary tuberculosis patients, co-infected with HIV. Global Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 5(1):27-35.
Baum, K. M., Lai, S., Sales, S., Bryan-Page, J. & Campa, A. (2010). Randomized controlled clinical trial of zinc supplementation to prevent immunological failure in HIV positive adults. Clinical Infectious Disease,50(12): 1653-1661.
Drain,P.K., Kupka, R., Mugusi, F. &Fawzi, W.W. (2007) Micronutrients in HIV positive persons receiving HAART. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,85(2):333-345.
Ibe, B.0., Habu, J.B. & Eze, S.C. (2013). Discordant Levels of SOD and Catalase, observedin ART naïve and experienced HIV patients in South East Nigeria. Journal of InfectiousDiseases and Therapeutics, 1:8-16.
Ndeezi, G., Tumwine, J.K., Bolanin, B.J, Ndugwa, C.M & Tylleskar T. (2010). Zinc status in HIV infected Ugandan children, aged 1-5 years: a cross sectional baseline survey.BMC Peadiatrics10:68 -72.
Akinjinmi, A.A., Akigbade, O.A, Okerentugba, P.O & Okonkwo, I.O. (2013). Evaluation of Selenium and Zinc levels in Seropositive HIV individuals in a Tertiary Hospital in Osogbo, Osun StateNigeria. Academia Arena,5(9):17-21.
Drain,P.K., Kupka, R., Mugusi, F. &Fawzi, W.W. (2007) Micronutrients in HIV positive persons receiving HAART. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,85(2):333-345.
Olaniyi, J. A &Arinola, O. G.(2007). Essential trace elements and antioxidant status in relation to severity of HIV in Nigerian patients. Medical Principles and practice. 16(6): 420-425.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 gnpublication@
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
In consideration of the journal, Green Publication taking action in reviewing and editing our manuscript, the authors undersigned hereby transfer, assign, or otherwise convey all copyright ownership to the Editorial Office of the Green Publication in the event that such work is published in the journal. Such conveyance covers any product that may derive from the published journal, whether print or electronic. Green Publication shall have the right to register copyright to the Article in its name as claimant, whether separately
or as part of the journal issue or other medium in which the Article is included.
By signing this Agreement, the author(s), and in the case of a Work Made For Hire, the employer, jointly and severally represent and warrant that the Article is original with the author(s) and does not infringe any copyright or violate any other right of any third parties, and that the Article has not been published elsewhere, and is not being considered for publication elsewhere in any form, except as provided herein. Each author’s signature should appear below. The signing author(s) (and, in
