Effect of Anemia on Birth weight Among Pregnant Women Attending ANC Clinic at Public Hospitals of Sidama Region, Ethiopia, 2022: A Prospective Cohort Study Protocol
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/hsn.v7i10.1923Keywords:
anemia, birth weight, pregnancyAbstract
Background: Anemia is the main cause of morbidity and mortality among pregnant women in developing countries with maternal and fetal consequences, which leads to premature births, low birth weight, fetal cognitive impairment and death. Objective: To establish association between anemia and birth weight among pregnant women attending ANC clinic at public hospitals of Sidama region, Ethiopia, 2022.. Methods and materials: a prospective cohort study design will be conducted from March 1, 2022 to November 30, 2022 in public hospitals of Sidama region. A total of 12 Midwives and 6 supervisors will be involved in the data collection process. Exposed (pregnant women having anemia ) and non-exposed (pregnant women not having anemia ) will be selected by using simple random sampling technique from the prior three months ANC register of each selected public hospital The data will be entered into Epidata software and exported to SPSS software for windows version 23 for analysis. Descriptive statistics will be computed and both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression will be employed to assess effect of anemia on birth weight among pregnant women. The output will be presented using adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with the respective 95% confidence interval (CI).
Downloads
References
Getahun W, Belachew T, Wolide AD. Burden and associated factors of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care in southern Ethiopia: cross sectional study. BMC Res Notes. 2017;10:276.
Levy A, Fraser D, Katz M, Mazor M, Sheiner E. Maternal anemia during pregnancy is an independent risk factor for low birth weight and preterm delivery. Eur J Obstetrics GynecolReprod Biol. 2005;122(2):182–6.
Banhidy F, Acs N, Puho EH, Czeizel AE. Iron defciency anemia: pregnancy outcomes with or without iron supplementation. Nutrition. 2011;27(1):65–72.
Kalaivani K. Prevalence & consequences of anemia in pregnancy. Indian J Med Res. 2009;130(5):627–33.
Walter T. Efect of iron-defciency anemia on cognitive skills and neuromaturation in infancy and childhood. Food Nutr Bull. 2003;24(4):104–10
Susan T and Blackburn DO. Maternal, Fetal, & Neonatal Physiology: A Clinical Perspective. Qualitative Health Research. 2007; 11(6): 780-794.
Sullivan KM, Mei Z, Laurence GrummerStrawn, Parvanta I. Haemoglobin adjustments to define anemia. Trop Med and Intern Health. 2008; 13(10): 1267–1271.
De Maeyer EM, Dallman P, Gurney JM, Hallberg L, Sood SK, Srikantia SG. Preventing and controlling iron deficiency anemia through primary health care, a guide for health administrators and programme managers; 1989.
Hemoglobin concentration for the diagnosis of anemia and assessment of severity, https://www.who.int/vmnis/indicators/haemoglobin.pdf: World Health Organization; 2011., ]
BenoistBD, McLean E, Egll I, Cogswell M (2008) Worldwide prevalenceof anemia 1993-2005: WHO global database on anemia. World HealthOrganization, Geneva, Switzerland.
WHO. Born too soon: the global action report on preterm birth. 2012. Accessed January 22 2019
. Risnes KR, Vatten LJ, Baker JL, Jameson K, Sovio U, Kajantie E et al. Birthweight and mortality in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int JEpidemiol. 2011;40(3):647-61. PubMed | Google Scholar
CSA and ICF International the 2011 Ethiopia Health and Demographic Survey, Central Statistical Agency and ICF International, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia & Calverton, Maryland, USA (2012).
M. Gebremedhin, F. Ambaw, E. Admassu, and H. Berhane, “Maternal associated factors of low birth weight: a hospitalbased cross-sectional mixed study in Tigray, northern Ethiopia,”BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2015.
. M. H. Baghianimoghadam, B. Baghianimoghadam, N. Ardian, and E. Alizadeh, “Risk factors of low birth weigh and effect of them on the growth pattern of children up to sixth months of life: a cross-sectional study,”Journal of Education and Health Promotion, vol. 4, no. 40, 2015.
W. Betew and E. KebedeMuluneh, “Determinants of low birth weight among children aged 0 to 59 months in Ethiopia,”International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences and Technology, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 14–25, 2014.
H. Demelash, D. Nigatu, K. Gashaw, K. Gashaw, and A. Melese, “Risk factors for low birth weight in Bale zone hospitals, south-east Ethiopia : a case-control study,”Obstetrics and Gynecology International, vol. 2015, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2015.
BizunehAyano BA. Assessment of prevalence and risk factors for anemia among pregnant mothers attending ANC clinic at Adama Hospital Medical Collage, Adama, Ethiopia. Am J Gynecol Obstet. 2017;6:31–39. doi:10.11648/j.jgo.20180603.11
Okafor IM, Okpokam DC, Antai AB, Usanga EA. Iron Status of Pregnant Women in Rural and Urban Communities of Cross River State, South-South Nigeria. Nig J Physiol Sci. 2017;31:121–5
Diamond-Smith NG, Gupta M, Kaur M, Kumar R. Determinants of Persistent Anemia in Poor, Urban Pregnant Women of Chandigarh City, North India: A Mixed Method Approach. Food Nutr Bull. 2016;37:132–43.
Taner CE, EkinA, Solmaz U, Gezer C, Çetin B, Keleşoğlu M, MerveBayrakErpala MB, Özeren M. Prevalence and risk factors of anemia among pregnant women attending a high-volume tertiary care center for delivery.J Turk GerGynecol Assoc. 2015;16:231–6
Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (2011) Central Statistical Agency (Ethiopia) and ICF International. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Calverton, Maryland, USA
Kassa GM, Muche AA, Berhe AK, Fekadu G. Prevalence and determinants of anemia among pregnant women in Ethiopia; a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Hematol. 2017;17(1):17
Jennings J, Hirbaye MB. Review of Incorporation of Essential Nutrition Actions into Public Health Programs in Ethiopia, the food and nutrition technical assistance project, 2008. https://www.fantaproject.org/.../FANTAReview-Incorporation-ENA-Ja
TolentinoK,FriedmanJF.An update on anemia in less developedcountries.TheAmericanjournaloftropicalmedicineandhygiene.2007;77(1):4451.PMID:17620629
Milman N: Prepartum anaemia: prevention and treatment. Ann Hematol 2008; 87: 949–959 Barón MA, Solano L, Peña E, Del Real S: Iron stores status at early pregnancy (in Spanish). Invest Clin 2005; 46: 121–130.
Katz J, Christian P, Dominici F, Zeger SL: Treatment effects of maternal micronutrient supplementation vary by percentiles of the birth weight distribution in rural Nepal. J Nutr 2006; 136: 1389–1394.
Lee HS, Kim MS, Kim MH, Kim YJ, Kim WY: Iron status and its association with pregnancy outcome in Korean pregnant women. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006; 60: 1130–1135.
Cogswell ME, Parvanta I, Ickes L, Yip R, Brittenham GM: Iron supplementation during pregnancy, anemia, and birth weight: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 78: 773–781.
Siega-Riz AM, Hartzema AG, Turnbull C, Thorp J, McDonald T, Cogswell ME: The effects of prophylactic iron given in prenatal supplements on iron status and birth outcomes: a randomized controlled trail. Am J ObstetGynecol 2006; 194: 512–519.
Sutan R, Mohtar M, Mahat AN, Tamil AM. Determinant of Low Birth Weight Infants: A Matched Case Control Study. Open Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2014;4:91-9.
Mitao M, Philemon R, Obure J, Mmbaga BT, Msuya S, Mahande MJ. Risk factors and adverse perinatal outcome associated with low birth weight in Northern Tanzania: a registrybased retrospective cohort study. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction. 2016;5(1):75-9.
Muchemi OM, Echoka E, Makokha A. Factors associated with low birth weight among neonates born at Olkalou District Hospital, Central Region, Kenya. Pan African Medical Journal. 2015;20(108).
Slyker JA, Patterson J, Ambler G, Richardson BA, Maleche-Obimbo E, Bosire R, et al. Correlates and outcomes of preterm birth, low birth weight, and small for gestational age in HIVexposed uninfected infants. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2014;14(7).
Kramer MS. Determinants of low birth weight: methodological assessment and metaanalysis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 1987;65(5):663-737.
Nkhoma ET, Kalilani-Phiri L, Mwapasa V, Rogerson SJ, Meshnick SR. Effect of HIV Infection and Plasmodium falciparum Parasitemia on Pregnancy Outcomes in Malawi. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012;87(1):29-34.
Msamila S. The Association between Maternal HIV Status and Low Birth Weight Offspring, Malawi DHS 2010: Georgia State University; 2018.
Karki S. Prevalence and Correlates of Low Birth Weight and Preterm Birth among Kenyan Women: University of Washington; 2016.
Demelash H, Motbainor A, Nigatu D, Gashaw K, Melese A. Risk factors for low birth weight in Bale zone hospitals, South-East Ethiopia : a case–control study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2015;15(264).
Assefa N, Berhane Y, Worku A. Wealth Status, Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) and Antenatal Care (ANC) Are Determinants for Low Birth Weight in Kersa, Ethiopia. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(6).
Dalal A, Chauhan S, Bala D. Eidemiological Determinants of Low Birth Weight in Ahmedabad City: A Facility Based Case-Control Study. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health. 2014;3(4):430-2.
Kebede B, Andargie G, Gebeyehu A. Birth outcome and correlates of low birth weight and preterm delivery among infants born to HIV-infected women in public hospitals of Northwest Ethiopia. Health. 2013;5(7):25-34.
World Health Organization. (1992). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, 10th revision, World Health Organization, Geneva.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Intimate partner violence.2015c. Retrieved From http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/intimatepartnerviolence/
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 International Journal For Research In Health Sciences And Nursing (ISSN: 2208-2670)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
In consideration of the journal, Green Publication taking action in reviewing and editing our manuscript, the authors undersigned hereby transfer, assign, or otherwise convey all copyright ownership to the Editorial Office of the Green Publication in the event that such work is published in the journal. Such conveyance covers any product that may derive from the published journal, whether print or electronic. Green Publication shall have the right to register copyright to the Article in its name as claimant, whether separately
or as part of the journal issue or other medium in which the Article is included.
By signing this Agreement, the author(s), and in the case of a Work Made For Hire, the employer, jointly and severally represent and warrant that the Article is original with the author(s) and does not infringe any copyright or violate any other right of any third parties, and that the Article has not been published elsewhere, and is not being considered for publication elsewhere in any form, except as provided herein. Each author’s signature should appear below. The signing author(s) (and, in