SYNTHESIS OF 1, 3-OXAZINE DERIVATIVES CATALYZED UNDER CERIC AMMONIUM NITRATE IN AN AQUEOUS MEDIUM

Abstract

The synthesis of heterocyclic compounds has gained significant importance due to their wide range of biological and pharmaceutical applications. Among these, 1,3-oxazine derivatives represent an important class of compounds exhibiting diverse biological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. In the present study, an efficient and environmentally benign method has been developed for the synthesis of 1,3-oxazine derivatives using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as a catalyst in an aqueous medium. The reaction involves the condensation of suitable aldehydes, amines, and phenolic compounds under mild conditions, leading to the formation of 1,3-oxazine derivatives with good to excellent yields. The use of water as a green solvent and CAN as a readily available, cost-effective catalyst offers significant advantages such as reduced reaction time, operational simplicity, and minimized environmental impact. The methodology avoids the use of hazardous organic solvents and harsh reaction conditions, making it a sustainable approach in organic synthesis. The synthesized compounds were characterized using standard spectroscopic techniques such as IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry. The results demonstrate that this protocol provides an efficient, eco-friendly, and scalable route for the preparation of structurally diverse 1,3-oxazine derivatives. We report that ceric ammonium nitrate mediated the synthesis of 1, 3-oxa- zine derivatives under the green method. In the reaction, 20 mol% catalysts are sufficient for the complete conversion of the reaction. The condensation reaction of b-naphthol with formaldehyde and primary amines those containing electron-donating as well as electron-withdrawing substituents under the aqueous reaction condition at ambient temperature in the presence of ceric ammonium nitre has been developed as an efficient and eco-friendly pre- cursor for the determination of 1, 3-oxazine derivatives. This approach has numerous benefits beyond conventional systems, notably ease of use, expense, reusability of the catalyst, and faster reaction times.