Lead and Cadmium Levels in musculature of Wild and Farmed Tilapia Fish sold in Assiut City, Egypt

Authors

  • sherief *

Keywords:

Heavy metals, lead, cadmium, fish, wild, farmed, Tilapia.

Abstract

The objective of current study was to assess and compare the concentrations of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in flesh of wild and farmed Tilapia fish available in markets in Assiut city, Egypt. A total of 66 Tilapia fish samples (36 wild and 30 farmed) were randomly collected from the markets and Pb and Cd concentrations were determined in their flesh using Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer. Mean values for Pb and Cd in wild and farmed Tilapia were 1.507±0.180 & 0.379±0.053; and 2.178±0.260 & 0.437±0.084 mg kg-1 (wet basis), respectively. Most of the wild (80.6 & 83.3%) and farmed (90.0 & 80.0%) samples exceeded the permissible limit set by Egyptian standards for Pb and Cd, respectively. In conclusion, flesh of either wild or farmed Tilapia from markets in Assiut city, constitute a potential public health hazard for lead and cadmium toxicity. Farmed Tilapia is more dangerous in this respect.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abd El-Azeem, M. H.; Hassan, A. M.; Hussein, M. M.; Abd El-Wahed, Z. H. and Saleh, R. E. (2012): Some heavy metal pollutants in fish farms and effect of garlic on their bioaccumulation in Oreochromis niloticus. Suez Canal Vet Med J., 17 (1): 57-69.
Abd El-Malek, A.M. and Ammar, M. A. (2013): Lead and cadmium in Tilapia fish Oreochromis niloticus (Bolty) tissues. Zag Vet J., 41 (3): 50-56.
Abdelbary, A. A. A.; Ahmed, A. M. and Abdelsalam, E. T. (2016): Heavy metals residues in commercially imported seafood. Suez Canal Vet Med J., 21 (2): 83-95.
Adefemi, S. O.; Asaolu, S. S. and Olaofe, O. (2008): Determination of heavy metals in Tilapia mossambicus fish, associated water and sediment from Ureje dam in south western Nigeria. Res J Environ Sci., 2: 151–155.
Agah, H.; Leermakers, M.; Elskens, M.; Fatemi, S. M. R. and Baeyens, W. (2009): Accumulation of trace metals in the muscles and liver tissues of five fish species from the Persian Gulf. Environ Monit Ass., 157: 499-514.
Aktar, M. D.; Sengupta, D. and Chowdhury, A. (2011): Occurrence of heavy metals in fish: A study for impact assessment in industry prone aquatic environment around Kolkata in India. Environ Monit Ass., 181 (1-4): 51-61.
Ali, M. H. H. and Abdel-Satar, A. M. (2005): Studies of some heavy metals in water, sediment, fish and fish diets in some fish farms in El-Fayoum Province, Egypt. Egypt J Aquat Res., 31 (2): 261-273.
Allison, G.; Salzman, S. A.; Turoczy, N.; Nishikawa, M.; Amarasinghe, U. S.; Nirbadha, K. G. S. and De Silva, S. S. (2009): Trace metal concentrations in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in three catchments, Sri Lanka. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol., 82: 389-394.
Alne-na-ei, A. A. (2003): Contamination of irrigation and drainage canals and ponds in the Nile delta by heavy metals and its association with human health risks. Egypt. J. Zool., 41: 47-60.
Alne-na-ei, A. A. (2000): Levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPS) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBS) in a common fish from illegal fish farms in Almenofya Province, Egypt. Egypt. J. Aquat. Biol. Fish., 4 (4): 17-36.
Alne-na-ei, A. A. (1998) The illegal fish farms in the Egyptian delta: External lesions frequency, liver histopathology and heavy metals concentration in the muscle tissue. Egypt. J. Aquat. Biol. Fish., 2 (4): 119-144.
Arian, M. B.; Kazi, T. G.; Jamali, M. K.; Jalbani, N.; Afridi, H. I.and Shah, A. (2008): Total dissolved and bio available elements in water and sediment samples and their accumulation in Oreochromis mossambicus of polluted Manchar Lake. Chemosphere., 70: 1845-1856.
Atli, G. and Canli, M. (2010): Response of antioxidant system of freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus to acute and chronic metal (Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn, Fe) exposures. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety, 73: 1884-1889.
ATSDR (2007): Toxicological profile for lead. US Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Human Services, Centers for Diseases Control, Atlanta. Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry "ATSDR".
Authman, M. M. N. (2008): Oreochromis niloticus as a biomonitor of heavy metal pollution with emphasis on potential risk and relation to some biological aspects. Global Vet., (3): 104-109.
Authman, M. M. N. and Abbas, H. H. H. (2007): Accumulation of copper and zinc in both water and some vital tissues of two fish species (Tilapia zilli and Mugil cephalus) of lake Qarun, Fayoum Province, Egypt. Pak J Biol Sci., 10 (13): 2106-2122.
Authman, M. M. N; Abbas, W. A. and Gaafar, A. Y. (2012.): Metals concentrations in Nile tilapia Oreochrmis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) from illegal fish farm in Al-Minufiya Province, Egypt, and their effects on some tissues structures. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety, 84: 163-172.
Bahnasawy, M.; Khidr, A.; and Dheina, N. (2009): Seasonal variations of heavy metals concentrations in Mullet, Mugil cephalus and Liza ramada (Mugilidae) from Lake Manzala, Egypt. J Appl Sci Res., 5: 845-852.
Bandara, J. M. R. S.; Senevirathna, D. M. A. N.; Dasanayake, D. M. R. S. B.; Herath, V.; Bandara, J. M. R. P. and Abeysekara, T. (2008): Chronic renal failure among farm families in cascade irrigation systems in Sri Lanka associated with elevated dietary cadmium levels in rice and freshwater fish (Tilapia). Environ Geochem Health., 30: 465-478.
Bayomy, H. M.; Rozan, M. A. and Ziena, H. M. (2015): Lead and cadmium contents in Nile water, Tilapia and Catfish from Rosetta branch, River Nile, Egypt. J Food and Dairy Sci., Mansoura Univ., 6 (4): 253-262.
Bin-Mokhtar, M. (2009): Assessment level of heavy metals in Penaeus monodon and Oreochromis spp. in selected aquaculture ponds of high densities development area. Eur J Sci Res., 30: 348-360.
Bishai, H. M. and Khalil, M. T. (1997): Freshwater fishes of Egypt. Department of nature protection. Publication of National Biodiversity Unit no 9, Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA). Cabinet of Ministers, Egypt. P. 229.
Bolawa, O. E. and Gbenle, G. O. (2010): Evaluation of lead, cadmium and chromium in Tilapia fish obtained from Makoko and Carter Bridge Rivers in Lagos, Nigeria. Afr J of Pure and Appl Chem., 4 (10): 221-227.
Burden, V. M.; Sandheinrich, C. A. and Caldwell, A. (1998): Effects of lead on the growth and alpha amino levulinic acid dehydrates activity of juvenile Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Environ Pol., 101: 285-289.
Cheung, K. C.; Leung, H. M. and Wong M. H. (2008): Metal concentrations of common freshwater and marine fish from the Pearl River Delta, South China. Arch of Enviro Cont and Toxicol., 54: 705-715.
CAC (2001): Maximum residual limits (MRLs) for pesticides. CAC/MRL, Rev. 1-2001. Codex Alimentarius Commission "CAC".
Conte, F. S. (2004): Stress and the welfare of cultured fish. Appl Anim Behav Sci., 86: 205-223.
Cunningham, W. P. and Saigo, W. B. (1997): Environmental Science: a global concern. 4th ed. WCB New York USA.
Damodharan, U. and Vikram-Reddy, M. (2013): Heavy metal bioaccumulation in edible fish species from an industrially polluted river and human health risk assessment. Arch Pol Fish., 21: 19-27.
Dimari, G. A.; Abdulrahman, J. C. and Garba, S. T. (2008): Metals concentrations in tissues of Tilapia galli, Clarias lazera and Osteoglossidae caught from Alau Dam, Maiduguri, Borno State. Nigeria. Amer J Environ Sci., 4: 373-379.
Domingo, J. L.; Bocio, A.; Falco, C. and Liobet, J. M. (2007): Benefits and risks of fish consumption. Part I. A quantitative analysis of the intake of omega-3 fatty acids and chemical contaminants. Toxicology., 230: 219-226.
Dural, M.; Goksu, M. and Ozak, A. (2007): Investigation of heavy metal levels in economically important fish species captured from the Tuzla lagoon. Food Chem., 102: 415-421.
EC (2005): Commission regulation (EC) No. 78/2005 of 19 January 2005 amending regulation (EC) No. 466/2001 as regards heavy metals. Official J Eur Union., L16: 43-45. European Community (EC).
EC (2006): Commission Regulation 2006/1881/EC of 19 December 2006 replacing regulation (EC) 466/2001 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. OJ L 364/5-24, Brussels, 20.12.2006. European Community (EC).
Elghobashy, H. A.; Zaghloul, K. H. and Metwally, M. A. A. (2001): Effect of some water pollutants on the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus collected from the River Nile and some Egyptian lakes. Egypt. J Aquat Biol Fish., 5 (4): 251-279.
Elnabris, K. J.; Muzyed, S.K. and El-Ashgar, N. M. (2013): Heavy meal concentrations in some commercially important fishes and their contribution to heavy metals exposure in Palestinian people of Gaza Strip (Palestine). J Ass of Arab Univ Basic Appl Sci., 13: 44-51.
El-Shafei, H. M. (2015): Some heavy metals concentration in water, muscles and gills of Tilapia niloticus as biological indicator of Manzala Lake pollution. J Aquac Res Develop., 6 (9): 1-5.
Emara, M. M.; Farag, R. S.; Dawah, A. A. and Fathi, M. (2015): Assessment of heavy metals concentration in water and edible Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from two fish farms irrigated with different water sources, Egypt. Int J Environ., 4 (1): 108-115.
Eneji, I. S.; Ato, R. S. and Annune, P. A. (2011): Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish (Tilapia zilli and Clarias gariepinus) organs from River Benue, North-Central Nigeria. Pak J Anal Environ Chem., 12: 25-31.
EOS (2010): Maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. ES7136/2010. Egyptian Organization for Standardization and Quality (EOS).
EOSQC (1993): Maximum residue limits for heavy metals in food. ES2360/1993. PP.5. Egyptian Organization for Standardization and Quality Control (EOSQC).
EOSQC (2005): Maximum residue limits for heavy metals in food. ES2360/2005. PP.5. Egyptian Organization for Standardization and Quality Control (EOSQC).
Fallah, A. A.; Saei-Dehkordi, S. S.; Nematollahi, A. and Jafari, T. (2011): Comparative study of heavy metal and trace element accumulation in edible tissue of farmed and wild rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using ICP-OES technique. Micro Chem J., 98: 275-279.
FAO (1983): Compilation of legal limits for hazardous substances in fish and fishery products. FAO Fishery Circular No 464. pp. 5-100. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
FAO (1995): Quality and Quality Changes in Fresh Fish. Huss, H. H. (edit), FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 348. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
FAO (2011): Fisheries and aquaculture markets in the Middle East. Towers, L. (edit), FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
FAO/WHO (1989): Evaluation of certain additives and the contaminants mercury, lead and cadmium. WHO Technical Report, Series No. 505.
FAO/WHO (2004): Summary of evaluation performed by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA 1956-2003).
Farag, M. S.; Mahmud, A. R. and Thakeb, M. (2000): Monitoring of some heavy metals pollution in some fish farms. J Egypt Vet Med Ass., 60 (3): 39-45.
Ferreira, M.; Caetano, M.; Antunes, P.; Costa, J.; Gil, O.; Bandarra, N.; Pousao-Ferreira, P.; Vale, C. and Reis-Henriques, M. A. (2010): Assessment of contaminants and biomarkers of exposure in wild and farmed seabass. Ecotoxicol Environ Safety, 73: 579-588.
Fianko, J. R.; Osae, S.; Adomako, D.; Adotey, D. K. and Serfor-Armah, Y. (2007): Assessment of heavy metal pollution of the iture estuary in the Central Region of Ghana. Environ Monit and Assess. 131: 1-3.
Finerty, M. W.; Madden, J. D.; Feagley, S. E. and Grodner, R. M. (1990): Effect of environs and seasonality on metal residues in tissues of wild and pond-raised crayfish in Southern Louisiana. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 19: 94-100.
GAFRD (2010): Fishery Annual Report, Cairo, Egypt. General Authority for fish resources Development (GAFRD).
Gavaghan, H. (2002): Lead unsafe at any level. Bulletin of the World Health Organi., 80 (1): 82-202.
Gomaa, M. N. E.; Abou-Arab, A. A. K.; Badawy, A. and Naguib, K. (1995): Distribution pattern of some heavy metals in Egyptian fish organs. Food Chem., 53: 385–389.
Gonzalez, S.; Flick, G. J.; O'Keefe, S. F.; Duncan, S. E.; McLean, E. and Craig, S. R. (2006): Composition of farmed and wild yellow perch (Perca flavescens). J Food Comp and Analy., 19: 720-726.
Grammer, G. L.; Slack, W. T.; Peterson, M. S. and Dugo, M. A. (2012): Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) establishment in temperate Mississippi, USA: multiyear survival confirmed by otolith ages. Aquat Invas., 7 (3): 367-376.
Hamed, Y. A.; Abdelmonein, T. S.; Elkiki, M. H.; Hassan, M. A. and Berndtsson, R. (2013): Assessment of heavy metals pollution and microbial contamination in water, sediments and fish of Lake Manzala, Egypt. Life Sci. J., 10 (1): 86-99.
Hamza-Chaffai, A.; Romeo, M. and Abed, A. (1996): Heavy metal in different fish from the Middle Eastern coast of Tunisia. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol., 56:766-773.
Hemmatinezhad, B.; Sarmeidani, M. M.; Yoosefi, A. H. and Fadaeifard, F. (2017): Assessment of four heavy metals mercury, lead, copper and cadmium levels in muscles of imported Tilapia to Iran. J Chem Health Risk., 7 (2): 133-138.
Ibraheim, T. A. M.; Ahmed, H. Y.; Ahmed, H. A. and Mahmoud, A. (2015): Assessment of heavy metals in muscular tissues of Tilapia nilotica in Sohag Governorate, Upper Egypt. In: Proceedings of 17th International Congress on Animal Hygiene, Kosice, Slovakia. pp.309-311.
Ibrahim, A. T. A.; Wassif, E. T. and Alfons, M. S. (2016): Heavy metals assessment in water, sediments and some organs of Oreochromis niloticus under the impact of sewage water. J Heavy Met Toxicity Dis., 1 (4): 1-7.
Ibrahim, H. T. M. (1996): Detection and identification of some pesticide residues and heavy metals in Qarun Lake and River Nile fish. M. Sc. Thesis, Fac. Agric., Cairo University, Egypt.
Jinadasa, B. K. K. K. and Edirisinghe, E. M. R. K. B. (2013): Cadmium, lead and total mercury in Tilapis sp. In Sri Lankan reservoirs. Food Addit Contam Part B., 7 (2): 90-94.
Juniavto, Zahidah and Aprilliani, I. M. (2017): Evaluation of heavy metal contamination in various fish meat from Cirata Dam, West Java, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux., 10 (2): 241-246.
Kalay, M.; Aly, O. and Canil, M. (1999): Heavy metal concentrations in fish tissues from the Northeast Mediterranean Sea. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol., 63: 673-681.
Kaoud, H. A. and El-Dahshan, A. R. (2010): Bioaccumulation and histopathological alterations of heavy metals in Oreochromis niloticus fish. Nat and Sci., 8 (4): 147-156.
Karadede-Akin, H. and Unlu, E. (2007): Heavy metal concentrations in water, sediment, fish and some benthic organisms from Tigris River, Turkey. Environ Monit Assess., 131: 323-337.
Khallaf, E. A.; Galal, M. and Authman, M. (1998): Assessment of heavy metals pollution and their effect on Oreochromis niloticus in aquatic drainage canals. J Egypt Ger Soc Zoo., 26 (B): 39-74.
Khallaf, E. A.; Galal, M. and Authman, M. (2003): The biology of Oreochromis niloticus in a polluted canal. Ecotoxicology, 12: 405-416.
Kikuchi, Y.; Nomiyama, T.; Kumagai, N.; Uemura, T. and Omar, K. (2002): Cadmium concentration in current Japanese food beverages. J Occup Health., 44: 240-247.
Kong, K. Y.; Cheung, K. C.; Wong, C. K. C and Wong, M. H. (2005): Residues of DDTs, PAHs and some heavy metals in fish (tilapia) collected from Hong Kong and Mainland China. J Environ Sci Health Part A., 40: 2105-2115.
Larsson, A.; Haux, C. and Sjobeck, M. (1985): Fish physiology and metal pollution: Results and experiences from laboratory and field studies. Ecotoxicol Environ Safety, 9: 250-281.
Lin, T. S.; Lin, C. S. and Chang, C. L. (2005): Trace elements in cultured tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus): Results from a farm in southern Taiwan. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol., 74: 308-313.
Malhat, F. (2011): Distribution of heavy metal residues in fish from the River Nile Tributaries in Egypt. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol., 87: 163–165.
Manahan, S. E. (1992): Toxicological Chemistry. 2nd Ed Lewis publishers. Inc. Boca Raon. Ann. Arbor, London, Tolyo.
Mansour, S. A. and Sidky, M. M. (2002): Ecotoxicological studies. 3. Heavy metals contaminating water and fish from Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. Food Chem., 78: 15-22.
McCarthy, J. and Shugart, L. (1990): Biomarkers of environmental contamination. Lewis Publishers. New York.
Mohamed, A. A. (1993): Some trace elements in tissues of some fresh-water fish. PhD Thesis (Meat Hygiene). Fac Vet Med Assiut Univ. Egypt.
Mohamedien, L. I.; Medani, G.G.; Gamal Eldien, M. A. and Hammad, M. H. (2015): Assessment of some heavy metals in water, sediments and fish during 2013 in Lake Quaron protected area, Fayoum, Egypt. Suez Canal Vet Med J., 20 (2): 155-174.
Olusola, A. V.; Folashade, P. A. and Ayoade, O. I. (2012): Heavy metal (lead, cadmium) and antibiotic (tetracycline and chloramphenicol) residues in fresh and frozen fish types (Clarias gariepinus, Oreochromis niloticus) in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Pak J Biol Sci., 15 (18): 895-899.
Papagiannis, I.; Kagalou, I.; Leonardos, J.; Petridis, D. and Kalfakakou, V. (2004): Copper and zinc in four freshwater fish species from Lake Pamvotis (Greece). Environ Int., 30: 357–362.
Pullin, R. S. V.; Palomares, M. L.; Casal, C. V.; Dey, M. M. and Pauly, D. (1997): Environmental impacts of tilapias. In K. Fitzsimmons, edit. Tilapia Aquaculture. Proceedings from the Fourth International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture, 9–12 November, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. pp. 554–570. Ithaca, New York, Northeast Regional Agricultural Service Cooperative Extension. 808 pp.
Qiu, Y. W.; Lin, D.; Liu, J.Q. and Zeng, E. Y. (2011): Bioaccumulation of trace metals in farmed fish from South China and potential risk assessment. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf., 74: 284-293.
Raphael, E. C.; Augudtina, O. C. and Frank, E. O. (2011): Trace metals distribution in fish tissues, bottom sediments and water from Okumeshi River in Delta State, Nigeria. Environ Res J., 5: 6-10.
Rashed, M. M. (2001): Monitoring of environmental heavy metals in fish from Nasser Lake. Environ Int., 27: 27-33.
Regina, O. E. and Kingsley, O. N. (2016): Assessment of lead, arsenic and cadmium in Tilapia guineensis and Sarotherodon melanotheron found in Bodo River. Int J Oceanogr Aquac., 1 (1): 1-5.
Saeed, S. S. and Shaker, I. M. (2008): Assessment of heavy metals pollution in water and sediments and their effect on Oreochromis niloticus in the Northern Delta Lakes, Egypt. 8th International Syposium on Tilapia Aquaculture.
SASO (1997): Maximum limits of contaminating metallic elements in foods. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia Standards Organization (SASO).
Sayed, M. M. (1995): Toxicological studies on some metallic pollutants in River Nile at Assiut Governorate. M. V. Sc. Thesis (Forensic Medicine and Toxicology), Fac Vet Med. Assiut Univ. Egypt.
Seddek, A. S.; Salem, D. A.; El-Sawi, N. M. and Zaky, Z. M. (1996): Cadmium, lead, nickel, copper, manganese and flourine levels in River Nile fish. Assiut Vet Med J., 35: 95-102.
Senadheera, S. P. S. D. and Pathirathne, K. A. S. (2003): Bioaccumulation potential of three toxic heavy metals in shrimp Penaeus monodon from different fractions of the culture environment. Sri Lanka J Aquat Sci., 8: 27–39.
Shaltout, F. A.; Mohammed, H. F. and Saber, E. (2015): Detection of some heavy metals in fish (Tilapia nilotica and Clarias lazera) at Menofia Governorate. Benha Vet M J., 29 (1): 124-128.
Sohsah , Madiha, A. M. (2009): Studies on some heavy metal residues in fresh water fish with special reference to water environmental pollution. PhD Thesis (Meat Hygiene). Fac Vet Med Benha Univ. Egypt.
SPSS (2001): Statistical Package for Social Sciences. SPSS Statistical software version 13 for windows. Inc., Chicago.
Suhaimi, F.; Wong, S. P.; Lee, V. L. L. and Low, L. K. (2006): Heavy metals in fish and shellfish found in local wet markets. Singapore J Prim Ind., 32: 1–18.
Tayel, S. I.; Ibrahim, S. A.; Authman, M. M. N. and El-kashef, M. A. (2007): Assessment of Sabal drainage canal water quality and its effect on blood and spleen histology of Oreochromis niloticus. African J Biol Sci., 3 (1): 97-107.
Turkmen, M.; Turken, A.; Tepe, Y.; Tore, Y. and Ates, A. (2009): Determination of metals in fish species from Aegean and Mediterranean Seas. Food Chem., 113: 233-237.
Vieira, C.; Morais, S.; Ramos, S.; Delerue-Matos, C. and Oliveira, M. B. P. P. (2011): Mercury, cadmium, lead and arsenic levels in three pelagic fish species from the Atlantic Ocean: intra- and inter-specific variability and human health risks for consumption. Food Chem Toxicol., 49: 923-932.
WHO (1985): Global environmental monitoring system. Guidelines for the study of dietary intakes of chemical contaminants. Geneva, WHO, Offset publication No 87. World Health Organization (WHO)

Downloads

Published

2018-08-01

How to Cite

*, sherief. (2018). Lead and Cadmium Levels in musculature of Wild and Farmed Tilapia Fish sold in Assiut City, Egypt. International Journal For Research In Agricultural And Food Science, 4(7), 16–31. Retrieved from https://gnpublication.org/index.php/afs/article/view/679