ADVANCING INSIGHTS INTO VARICOSE VEINS: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, INNOVATIONS IN DIAGNOSIS, AND MODERN TREATMENT APPROACHES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/ssh.v10i1.2429Keywords:
Varicose veins, venous insufficiency, pathophysiology, diagnostic advancements, endovenous laser therapy, radiofrequency ablationAbstract
Varicose veins are a common vascular condition characterized by dilated, tortuous veins primarily affecting the lower limbs. They are associated with venous valve incompetence, venous hypertension, and structural abnormalities in the vein wall. The condition significantly impacts the quality of life, causing symptoms such as pain, swelling, and cosmetic concerns, and poses a considerable healthcare burden globally. Recent advancements in the understanding of the pathophysiology of varicose veins have highlighted the role of inflammation, oxidative stress, and genetic predisposition in disease progression. Diagnostic innovations, including Doppler ultrasonography, duplex ultrasound, and emerging AI-driven tools, have enhanced accuracy in detecting venous insufficiency. Modern treatment approaches, ranging from minimally invasive procedures such as endovenous laser therapy and radiofrequency ablation to emerging techniques like cyanoacrylate adhesive closure and mechanochemical ablation, have revolutionized patient care. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the pathophysiology, state-of-the-art diagnostic methods, and modern treatment modalities for varicose veins, emphasizing the need for further research into preventive strategies and personalized therapeutic interventions
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