BIOACTIVE, ANTIOXIDANT AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETER ANALYSES OF ZANTHOXYLUM ZANTHOXYLOIDES SHOOT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/bp.v8i9.2104Keywords:
Z. zanthoxyloides shoot extract, cytotoxicity, antioxidants, bioactive compoundsAbstract
Zanthozylum zanthozyloides is a widely distributed plant that possesses numerous medicinal properties. This study was designed to assess the phytochemical constituents, antioxidant property, and cytotoxicity of flavonoid- rich extracts of shoot of Z. zanthozyloides. The crude ethanolic extract of the tested plant was screened for bioactive compounds and the flavonoids-rich extract was obtained. The plant extracts were subjected to 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radicals scavenging activity, and brine shrimp lethality (BSL) assay in comparison to standard substances. The bio-active compounds in the crude extract were determined via gas liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, steroids and carbohydrates were detected in the crude extract. Likewise, compounds like squalene, vitamin E, 3-carene and limonene were present in varied concentrations. The extracts caused a dose-dependent antioxidant and BSL cytotoxic activities. In all the antioxidant evaluations, flavonoid-rich extract significantly (p<0.05) scavenged DPPH, NO and H2O2 radicals than the crude extract, but lower than the ascorbic acid. Moreover, the flavonoid extract caused a serious mortality at 85.52 µg/ mL lethal concentration on 50% of the nauplii population (LC50). This activity was insufficiently (p<0.05) effective as the doxorubicin (7.62 µg/ mL), but significantly (p<0.05) more than the crude extract (99.58 µg/ mL). These results corroborate the presence of bioactive volatile compounds with potential antiradical and cytotoxic activity in the studied plant sample.
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