Study on Related Factors of Giardiasis in Nangarhar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/bp.v5i9.1103Keywords:
Giardia lamblia, age, sex, JalalabadAbstract
Giardia lamblia is the leading cause of water born diarrhea in developing countries that can increase the morbidity and mortality of children. Due to that fact, this study aims to investigate the common risk factors for mentioned issue in Nangarhar province. A descriptive study was conducted from May 2018 to October 2018 through properly designed and self-administered questionnaires on 152(89male and 63 Female) patients with 1-18 years' age in Nangarhar Teaching Hospital and Nangarhar Regional Hospital Central Laboratory, located in Jalalabad city. After stool exam, positive individuals were interviewed, and registered with their lab records in questionnaires. Data were collected, organized and analyzed using SPSS Statistics 20(IBM, USA). The median age for over all 152 included participants were 10(range 1-18) that 57.9% were males, children with 1.5-year age had the lowest incidence which was 0.7% and children of 12 years were the highest parasite incidence in the study (11.8%). 65.1% participants were from Jalalabad city. Majority of them were unmarried and illiterates. Highest percentage of them had not a job and many of them had a moderate economic status. 35.5% of the participants had animals in their home including cows, cats, sheep and dogs. 41.6% had used the dairy products in their daily routine meals.15.8percentage of them had other parasites in their stool samples which were H Nana, Entamoeba histolytica and Ascaris lumbricoidus. According to the study results, G lamblia is the prevalent infection in Nangarhar province, which increases with age. This parasite has a high incidence in school age Children. Therefore, serious measures are required to educate the population properly for their social and environmental Hygiene.
Downloads
References
Hawrelak Jason. ND (2003). Giardiasis Pathophysiology and Management Vol 8 (2), P 129.
L. Rockwell Robert. Giardia lamblia and Giardiasis, (2003). PubMed article, p 2.
Ekdahl Karl, Andersson Yvonne. Imported Giardiasis: Impact of international travel, immigration and adoption, Department of Epidemiology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control (SMI).published in 2005 by American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Pp 825–830.
Wensaas, Knut-Arne (2011). Giardiasis in Bergen Outbreak and clinical consequences, Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Norway.p-13.
Martine S Wolf. Giardiasis (1992), American Society for Microbiology, Vol.5 (1), Pp. 93-100.
Minetti Corrado, Lamden Kenneth and Durband Caroline, Cheesbrough John, Platt Katherine, Charlett Andre, J.O’Brien Sarah, FoxAndrew and M. Wastlinga Jonathan (2015). Case-Control Study of Risk Factors for Sporadic Giardiasis and Parasite Assemblages in North West England. Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, www.jsm.asm.org, Vol 53(10) Pp31-33.
Larson Kerry Leedom, Spickler Anna Rovid and Pleva Ariel (2013). Giardia Enteritis Lambliasis or Beaver Fever, Center for Food Security and Public Health, Lowa State University, P 10.
Fauci Braunwald, Kaspar Longu, Hauser Jameson and Loscalzo Harrison’s (2008) Principles of Medicine 17th edition, McGraw-Hill, chapter. 208.
A. Papadakis Maxine and J. McPhee Stephen (2016), Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment, Mc Graw Hill, pp.1523-24.
Minetti Corrado; Lamden Kenneth; Durband Caroline et al (2015). Determination of Giardia duodenalis assemblages and multi-locus genotypes in patients with sporadic giardiasis from England. Parasites & Vectors, 8: 444, DOI 10.1186/s13071-015-1059-z.
Nkrumah Bernard and Nguah Samuel Blay (2011). Giardia lamblia: a major parasitic cause of childhood diarrhea in patients attending a district hospital in Ghana, Parasite and Vectors, 4:163, http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/4/1/163.
KATZ D. E, HEISEY-GROVE D, BEACH M. Prolonged outbreak of giardiasis with two modes of transmission, Cambridge University Press, Epidemiol Infect (2006), 134, pp. 935–941.
A. Cotton James, B. Amat Christina and G. Buret Andre. Disruptions of Host Immunity and Inflammation by Giardia Duodenalis: Potential Consequences for Co-Infections in the Gastro-Intestinal Tract, ISSN 2076-0817 www.mdpi.com/journal/pathogens. 2015, 4, 764-792.
A NIKOLIĆ, I KLUN, B BOBIĆ, V IVOVIĆ, M VUJANIĆ, T ŽIVKOVIĆ and O DJURKOVIĆ-DJAKOVIĆ. Human Giardiasis in Serbia: asymptomatic vs symptomatic infection, Parasite, 2011, 18, 197-201.
A. Ali Syed and R. Hill David. Giardia intestinalis, Source: PubMed article, 2003.
Korzeniewski Krzysztof, Augustynowicz Alina and Lass Anna. Prevalence of intestinal parasites in Afghan community on the example of patients treated in Ghazni Provincial Hospital, www.intmarhealth.pl, 2014; 65, 2: 68–72, ISSN 1641–9251.
Younas Mohammad, Shah Saminullah, Talaat Azmat. Frequency of Giardia lamblia Infection in Children with Recurrent Abdominal Pain, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Vol. 58, No. 4, ,2008, pp.171.
Lora-Suarez Fabiana, Marin-Vasquez Carolina, Loango Nelsy, Gallego Martha, Torres Elizabeth, Gonzalez Maria Mercedes, Castaño-OsorioJohn Carlos and Gómez-Marín Jorge Enrique. Giardiasis in children living in post-earthquake camps from Armenia (Colombia), BMC Public Health 2002, 2:5, pp.1-6.
Júlio Cláudia, Vilares Anabela, Oleastro Mónica, Ferreira Idalina, Gomes Salomé, Monteiro Lurdes, Nunes Baltazar, Tenreiro Rogérioand Ângelo Helena. Prevalence and risk factors for Giardia duodenalis infection among children: A case study in Portugal, Parasite and Vectors Publication, 2012, 5:22, p.1-8.
M. S. Prado, A.Strina, Barreto M.L, Marlucia Ana, Assis Oliveira, Maria Paz Livia and S. Caironcross. Risk factors for infection with Giardia duodenalis in pre-school children in the city of Salvador, Brazil, Cambridge University Press, Epidemiol. Infect. (2003), 131, P. 899–906.
Enrique Luis, Puebla Jerez, A. Núñez Fidel, Martínez Silva Isabel, Rojas Rivero Lázara, González Marta Martínez, Sutil Yuliet Méndez, Valdés Lucía Ayllón, Millán Iraís Atencio and Müller Norbert. Molecular Characterization and Risk Factors of Giardia duodenalis among School Children from La Habana, Cuba. Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Journal of Parasitology Research Volume 2015, Article ID: 378643, 8 pages.
Ahsan-ul-Wadood, Abdul Bari, Aziz urRhman and Qasim Khawaja Farooq Frequency of Intestinal Parasite Infestation in Children Hospital Quetta2005 Article Vol. 44, No.2.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 International Journal For Research In Biology & Pharmacy (ISSN: 2208-2093)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
In consideration of the journal, Green Publication taking action in reviewing and editing our manuscript, the authors undersigned hereby transfer, assign, or otherwise convey all copyright ownership to the Editorial Office of the Green Publication in the event that such work is published in the journal. Such conveyance covers any product that may derive from the published journal, whether print or electronic. Green Publication shall have the right to register copyright to the Article in its name as claimant, whether separately
or as part of the journal issue or other medium in which the Article is included.
By signing this Agreement, the author(s), and in the case of a Work Made For Hire, the employer, jointly and severally represent and warrant that the Article is original with the author(s) and does not infringe any copyright or violate any other right of any third parties, and that the Article has not been published elsewhere, and is not being considered for publication elsewhere in any form, except as provided herein. Each author’s signature should appear below. The signing author(s) (and, in
